The Qwerty Keyboard Layout Vs The Dvorak Keyboard Layout

Qwerty
Qwerty 		Dvorak
Dvorak

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Results for Top 1000 Words in UK English

Overall effort (see details of how effort is calculated)

Layout Rank % improvement over worst layout Effort Score
Alphabetical7 0.0 %19,219
Qwerty6 13.5 %16,629
Dvorak5 30.8 %13,291
Dvorak (weak pinky)4 32.8 %12,918
Colemak2 36.3 %12,240
Workman3 35.0 %12,486
Maltron1 37.9 %11,937

Effort imbalance between fingers (see details of how effort is calculated)

Layout Rank % improvement over worst layout Effort Imbalance Score
Alphabetical7 0.0 %859
Qwerty6 28.1 %618
Dvorak5 43.3 %488
Dvorak (weak pinky)4 46.4 %461
Colemak2 55.5 %383
Workman1 58.3 %359
Maltron3 50.1 %428

Detailed Results

:: UP ::Effort for each finger - these should be around 11-12% for each finger (see details of how effort is calculated)

Layout LThumb LPinky LRing LMiddle LIndex RIndex RMiddle RRing RPinky RThumb Total
Alphabetical0.0 %29.8 %7.3 %4.3 %33.1 %7.0 %4.5 %7.9 %0.9 %5.2 %19,219 effort units
Qwerty0.0 %7.3 %5.9 %17.7 %23.3 %19.9 %5.1 %9.7 %5.1 %6.0 %16,629 effort units
Dvorak0.0 %8.7 %4.1 %6.6 %17.1 %15.6 %8.7 %14.4 %17.3 %7.5 %13,291 effort units
Dvorak (weak pinky)0.0 %9.3 %4.1 %6.8 %14.7 %16.1 %8.9 %14.8 %17.5 %7.7 %12,918 effort units
Colemak0.0 %9.6 %8.0 %9.4 %22.4 %16.7 %9.9 %6.7 %9.1 %8.2 %12,240 effort units
Workman0.0 %9.5 %10.7 %13.0 %19.0 %15.3 %9.3 %7.5 %7.7 %8.0 %12,486 effort units
Maltron6.2 %9.2 %7.9 %5.6 %15.2 %14.9 %6.8 %4.6 %21.3 %8.4 %11,937 effort units
Layout Thumbs Left hand Right hand Total
Alphabetical5.2 %74.5 %20.3 %19,219 effort units
Qwerty6.0 %54.2 %39.7 %16,629 effort units
Dvorak7.5 %36.5 %56.0 %13,291 effort units
Dvorak (weak pinky)7.7 %35.0 %57.3 %12,918 effort units
Colemak8.2 %49.5 %42.4 %12,240 effort units
Workman8.0 %52.1 %39.9 %12,486 effort units
Maltron14.6 %37.9 %47.5 %11,937 effort units

:: UP ::Keys for each finger (stronger fingers should be used more often)

Layout LThumb LPinky LRing LMiddle LIndex RIndex RMiddle RRing RPinky RThumb Total
Alphabetical0.0 %13.3 %7.8 %5.3 %29.3 %8.0 %9.4 %10.6 %0.5 %15.7 %6,366 keys
Qwerty0.0 %6.2 %7.7 %18.0 %18.5 %15.6 %6.0 %10.0 %2.5 %15.7 %6,366 keys
Dvorak0.0 %6.3 %6.0 %11.7 %12.5 %14.5 %10.6 %12.8 %9.8 %15.7 %6,366 keys
Dvorak (weak pinky)0.0 %6.5 %6.0 %11.7 %12.5 %14.5 %10.6 %12.8 %9.7 %15.7 %6,366 keys
Colemak0.0 %6.2 %8.1 %9.8 %16.8 %16.4 %14.1 %6.8 %6.2 %15.7 %6,366 keys
Workman0.0 %6.2 %9.7 %11.4 %15.1 %14.5 %14.1 %8.0 %5.4 %15.7 %6,366 keys
Maltron11.6 %6.2 %8.0 %6.9 %13.4 %14.9 %6.8 %5.9 %10.7 %15.7 %6,366 keys
Layout Thumbs Left hand Right hand Total
Alphabetical15.7 %55.8 %28.5 %6,366 keys
Qwerty15.7 %50.3 %34.0 %6,366 keys
Dvorak15.7 %36.6 %47.7 %6,366 keys
Dvorak (weak pinky)15.7 %36.7 %47.6 %6,366 keys
Colemak15.7 %40.8 %43.5 %6,366 keys
Workman15.7 %42.4 %41.9 %6,366 keys
Maltron27.3 %34.4 %38.3 %6,366 keys
AlphabeticalQwertyDvorakDvorak (weak pinky)ColemakWorkmanMaltron
Numbers Row0.0 %0.0 %0.0 %0.0 %0.0 %0.0 %0.0 %
Upper Row37.7 %43.2 %20.8 %20.8 %16.6 %19.5 %17.1 %
Home Row33.0 %28.4 %56.0 %56.0 %59.9 %54.1 %49.9 %
Bottom Row13.5 %12.7 %7.5 %7.5 %7.8 %10.7 %5.6 %
Thumbs Row15.7 %15.7 %15.7 %15.7 %15.7 %15.7 %27.3 %

:: UP ::Finger Travel Distance (only moves between keys, excluding movement to actually press a key) , - computed for a distance between keys of 1.8 cm

Layout LThumb LPinky LRing LMiddle LIndex RIndex RMiddle RRing RPinky RThumb Total
Alphabetical0.0 %19.8 %5.6 %5.4 %39.9 %14.7 %5.6 %8.3 %0.8 %0.0 %130 m
Qwerty0.0 %0.5 %3.3 %20.4 %27.5 %28.5 %7.6 %8.5 %3.7 %0.0 %140 m
Dvorak0.0 %0.9 %0.4 %0.3 %25.9 %31.4 %11.9 %18.9 %10.3 %0.0 %80 m
Dvorak (weak pinky)0.0 %1.2 %0.3 %0.3 %20.5 %33.8 %12.8 %20.3 %10.7 %0.0 %74 m
Colemak0.0 %1.0 %6.8 %12.8 %37.3 %29.0 %6.8 %5.6 %0.8 %0.0 %66 m
Workman0.0 %0.8 %12.3 %22.6 %28.2 %22.9 %6.4 %5.8 %0.9 %0.0 %72 m
Maltron0.0 %0.8 %7.0 %6.7 %26.5 %31.9 %11.2 %0.1 %15.7 %0.0 %57 m
Layout Thumbs Left hand Right hand Total
Alphabetical0.0 %70.6 %29.4 %130 m
Qwerty0.0 %51.7 %48.3 %140 m
Dvorak0.0 %27.4 %72.6 %80 m
Dvorak (weak pinky)0.0 %22.3 %77.7 %74 m
Colemak0.0 %57.9 %42.1 %66 m
Workman0.0 %63.9 %36.1 %72 m
Maltron0.0 %41.1 %58.9 %57 m

:: UP ::% Home keys (out of all character keys plus SHIFT and ENTER, but excluding keys operated by thumbs - these are the 8 keys where your fingers normally rest, for example, a s d f j k l ; : on Qwerty)

Alphabetical29.3 %
Qwerty26.5 %
Dvorak55.8 %
Dvorak (weak pinky)58.8 %
Colemak62.0 %
Workman58.8 %
Maltron60.6 %

:: UP ::% Keys typed with the same finger as the previous key (excluding repeating keys like ee)

Alphabetical9.9 %
Qwerty5.7 %
Dvorak1.9 %
Dvorak (weak pinky)2.0 %
Colemak0.9 %
Workman2.3 %
Maltron0.6 %

:: UP ::% Keys typed with the same hand as the previous key (ex: in Qwerty sd or ee are included, but e e is not) - this is not necessarily a bad thing

Alphabetical36.3 %
Qwerty35.8 %
Dvorak21.8 %
Dvorak (weak pinky)21.9 %
Colemak29.3 %
Workman30.6 %
Maltron24.0 %

:: UP ::% Keys typed with the same hand as the previous key and jumping a row (ex: in Qwerty ev is a row jump - you jump over the middle row - and it's awkward to type; ef is not a row jump)

Alphabetical6.5 %
Qwerty9.4 %
Dvorak1.0 %
Dvorak (weak pinky)1.0 %
Colemak0.4 %
Workman1.2 %
Maltron0.3 %

:: UP ::% Keys typed with the same hand as the previous key and in reverse order (ex: in Qwerty df or kj are typed in the easier order pinky-ring-middle-index, whereas fd and jk are in reverse order index-middle-ring-pinky, and harder to type)

Alphabetical14.3 %
Qwerty15.4 %
Dvorak8.2 %
Dvorak (weak pinky)8.2 %
Colemak14.3 %
Workman14.3 %
Maltron13.6 %

:: UP ::% Keys that need the SHIFT modifier

Alphabetical0.1 %
Qwerty0.1 %
Dvorak0.1 %
Dvorak (weak pinky)0.1 %
Colemak0.1 %
Workman0.1 %
Maltron0.2 %

:: UP ::Pairs of consecutive keys typed with the same finger in Alphabetical

ed 82 1.29%de 31 0.49%ul 13 0.20%wn 6 0.09%py 1 0.02%
en 67 1.05%ow 28 0.44%bl 13 0.20%ub 4 0.06%oe 1 0.02%
on 62 0.97%is 23 0.36%do 12 0.19%dn 4 0.06%xe 1 0.02%
ne 46 0.72%no 21 0.33%od 11 0.17%bu 3 0.05%lu 1 0.02%
nd 40 0.63%ta 21 0.33%ak 11 0.17%hr 3 0.05%nx 1 0.02%
at 39 0.61%we 17 0.27%ew 8 0.13%rh 1 0.02%ox 1 0.02%
si 32 0.50%wo 16 0.25%ex 7 0.11%eo 1 0.02%

:: UP ::Pairs of consecutive keys typed with the same finger in Qwerty

ed 82 1.29%ec 22 0.35%fr 8 0.13%ik 3 0.05%ju 2 0.03%
ce 33 0.52%tr 16 0.25%hu 8 0.13%sw 3 0.05%hy 2 0.03%
de 31 0.49%ol 13 0.20%ny 5 0.08%rg 3 0.05%gt 2 0.03%
lo 30 0.47%ki 11 0.17%ft 5 0.08%um 3 0.05%ws 2 0.03%
un 25 0.39%br 10 0.16%nu 4 0.06%my 2 0.03%rf 2 0.03%
rt 23 0.36%gr 9 0.14%rv 4 0.06%mu 2 0.03%bt 1 0.02%

:: UP ::Pairs of consecutive keys typed with the same finger in Dvorak

gh 23 0.36%ui 5 0.08%yi 3 0.05%sl 2 0.03%xi 1 0.02%
ct 18 0.28%tw 4 0.06%xp 3 0.05%py 1 0.02%df 1 0.02%
ki 11 0.17%pu 4 0.06%tc 3 0.05%nv 1 0.02%a' 1 0.02%
rn 10 0.16%rv 4 0.06%je 2 0.03%ip 1 0.02%'a 1 0.02%
pi 8 0.13%ik 3 0.05%mb 2 0.03%dg 1 0.02%
up 5 0.08%ls 3 0.05%ix 2 0.03%mf 1 0.02%

:: UP ::Pairs of consecutive keys typed with the same finger in Dvorak (weak pinky)

gh 23 0.36%ui 5 0.08%yi 3 0.05%sl 2 0.03%mf 1 0.02%
ct 18 0.28%tw 4 0.06%xp 3 0.05%py 1 0.02%xi 1 0.02%
ki 11 0.17%pu 4 0.06%tc 3 0.05%[LSHIFT]o 1 0.02%df 1 0.02%
rn 10 0.16%rv 4 0.06%je 2 0.03%nv 1 0.02%a' 1 0.02%
pi 8 0.13%ik 3 0.05%mb 2 0.03%ip 1 0.02%'a 1 0.02%
up 5 0.08%ls 3 0.05%ix 2 0.03%dg 1 0.02%

:: UP ::Pairs of consecutive keys typed with the same finger in Colemak

kn 6 0.09%nl 4 0.06%rw 3 0.05%lm 1 0.02%dv 1 0.02%
ue 6 0.09%nk 4 0.06%sc 3 0.05%bt 1 0.02%kl 1 0.02%
lk 6 0.09%pt 4 0.06%gt 2 0.03%dg 1 0.02%o- 1 0.02%
wr 5 0.08%yi 3 0.05%sf 2 0.03%o' 1 0.02%

:: UP ::Pairs of consecutive keys typed with the same finger in Workman

ly 27 0.42%kn 6 0.09%ny 5 0.08%i' 3 0.05%bt 1 0.02%
ct 18 0.28%lf 6 0.09%nl 4 0.06%tc 3 0.05%kf 1 0.02%
po 17 0.27%ue 6 0.09%nk 4 0.06%mr 2 0.03%fl 1 0.02%
op 13 0.20%lk 6 0.09%tw 4 0.06%gt 2 0.03%nf 1 0.02%
ds 7 0.11%rm 6 0.09%hr 3 0.05%rh 1 0.02%kl 1 0.02%

:: UP ::Pairs of consecutive keys typed with the same finger in Maltron

hu 8 0.13%gs 3 0.05%'l 2 0.03%sb 1 0.02%dv 1 0.02%
rl 6 0.09%yi 3 0.05%r' 2 0.03%lr 1 0.02%o- 1 0.02%
tw 4 0.06%sc 3 0.05%sf 2 0.03%bs 1 0.02%

:: UP ::Key frequency in your text

[SPACE] 999 15.69%o 374 5.87%u 159 2.50%y 111 1.74%x 11 0.17%
e 739 11.61%s 357 5.61%c 158 2.48%f 106 1.67%q 9 0.14%
t 400 6.28%i 320 5.03%g 152 2.39%b 78 1.23%j 6 0.09%
r 384 6.03%l 260 4.08%p 134 2.10%k 63 0.99%[LSHIFT] 4 0.06%
a 381 5.98%d 248 3.90%m 127 1.99%v 55 0.86%[RSHIFT] 3 0.05%
n 374 5.87%h 213 3.35%w 119 1.87%' 21 0.33%- 1 0.02%

:: UP ::Frequent pairs of keys in your text

e[SPACE] 175 2.75%ge 25 0.39%[SPACE]y 12 0.19%up 5 0.08%je 2 0.03%
d[SPACE] 143 2.25%hi 24 0.38%em 12 0.19%ny 5 0.08%ib 2 0.03%
[SPACE]s 124 1.95%ai 24 0.38%do 12 0.19%ft 5 0.08%mb 2 0.03%
t[SPACE] 120 1.89%ch 24 0.38%[SPACE]u 12 0.19%ms 5 0.08%xc 2 0.03%
er 104 1.63%li 24 0.38%ig 12 0.19%ui 5 0.08%mm 2 0.03%
in 103 1.62%oo 24 0.38%ok 12 0.19%oi 5 0.08%ix 2 0.03%
s[SPACE] 91 1.43%rs 24 0.38%tu 12 0.19%lt 5 0.08%x[SPACE] 2 0.03%
r[SPACE] 87 1.37%la 24 0.38%sp 12 0.19%na 5 0.08%gt 2 0.03%
re 85 1.34%to 23 0.36%pp 12 0.19%cr 5 0.08%ek 2 0.03%
y[SPACE] 83 1.30%is 23 0.36%od 11 0.17%fu 5 0.08%ws 2 0.03%
ed 82 1.29%om 23 0.36%ak 11 0.17%mp 5 0.08%wl 2 0.03%
n[SPACE] 80 1.26%gh 23 0.36%iv 11 0.17%wr 5 0.08%gu 2 0.03%
ng 76 1.19%rt 23 0.36%ni 11 0.17%cu 5 0.08%sl 2 0.03%
[SPACE]t 74 1.16%wa 22 0.35%ki 11 0.17%rc 5 0.08%r' 2 0.03%
th 71 1.12%ma 22 0.35%ep 11 0.17%a[SPACE] 4 0.06%rf 2 0.03%
[SPACE]w 68 1.07%ec 22 0.35%av 10 0.16%[SPACE][LSHIFT] 4 0.06%yb 2 0.03%
ea 68 1.07%no 21 0.33%tl 10 0.16%[SPACE]v 4 0.06%jo 2 0.03%
en 67 1.05%k[SPACE] 21 0.33%am 10 0.16%nl 4 0.06%sf 2 0.03%
se 65 1.02%ta 21 0.33%ap 10 0.16%ef 4 0.06%i[SPACE] 1 0.02%
[SPACE]a 64 1.01%fo 20 0.31%ns 10 0.16%nk 4 0.06%u[SPACE] 1 0.02%
g[SPACE] 63 0.99%so 20 0.31%au 10 0.16%tw 4 0.06%by 1 0.02%
[SPACE]f 62 0.97%ir 20 0.31%rn 10 0.16%aw 4 0.06%lw 1 0.02%
on 62 0.97%ke 20 0.31%br 10 0.16%ba 4 0.06%rh 1 0.02%
[SPACE]c 62 0.97%ca 20 0.31%f[SPACE] 9 0.14%[SPACE]j 4 0.06%oh 1 0.02%
ar 61 0.96%fe 20 0.31%im 9 0.14%pu 4 0.06%eo 1 0.02%
he 58 0.91%ie 20 0.31%p[SPACE] 9 0.14%pt 4 0.06%lm 1 0.02%
an 58 0.91%[SPACE]i 19 0.30%gr 9 0.14%ub 4 0.06%xt 1 0.02%
[SPACE]h 58 0.91%ot 19 0.30%qu 9 0.14%nu 4 0.06%lp 1 0.02%
ou 57 0.90%w[SPACE] 19 0.30%ty 9 0.14%dd 4 0.06%eh 1 0.02%
[SPACE]p 57 0.90%il 19 0.30%rr 9 0.14%ua 4 0.06%py 1 0.02%
[SPACE]m 56 0.88%di 19 0.30%yo 8 0.13%ia 4 0.06%sb 1 0.02%
te 56 0.88%ss 19 0.30%fr 8 0.13%rp 4 0.06%oe 1 0.02%
[SPACE]b 54 0.85%ad 18 0.28%ag 8 0.13%rv 4 0.06%lr 1 0.02%
st 52 0.82%sh 18 0.28%ga 8 0.13%dn 4 0.06%bt 1 0.02%
[SPACE]l 51 0.80%ut 18 0.28%ck 8 0.13%va 4 0.06%'m 1 0.02%
ne 46 0.72%us 18 0.28%vi 8 0.13%bu 3 0.05%oa 1 0.02%
le 46 0.72%os 18 0.28%ff 8 0.13%[SPACE][RSHIFT] 3 0.05%bs 1 0.02%
es 45 0.71%pa 18 0.28%ew 8 0.13%ik 3 0.05%nv 1 0.02%
or 42 0.66%ct 18 0.28%dy 8 0.13%hr 3 0.05%ah 1 0.02%
[SPACE]d 42 0.66%io 18 0.28%hu 8 0.13%ps 3 0.05%'v 1 0.02%
nd 40 0.63%sa 17 0.27%'s 8 0.13%gs 3 0.05%ip 1 0.02%
ve 40 0.63%we 17 0.27%pi 8 0.13%og 3 0.05%dg 1 0.02%
at 39 0.61%ld 17 0.27%if 7 0.11%sw 3 0.05%sy 1 0.02%
me 39 0.61%po 17 0.27%ei 7 0.11%oy 3 0.05%hs 1 0.02%
al 38 0.60%ay 17 0.27%go 7 0.11%sm 3 0.05%vy 1 0.02%
nt 37 0.58%mi 17 0.27%n' 7 0.11%i' 3 0.05%mf 1 0.02%
ha 36 0.57%ac 17 0.27%ye 7 0.11%ls 3 0.05%cy 1 0.02%
ho 34 0.53%id 16 0.25%[SPACE]q 7 0.11%rg 3 0.05%bi 1 0.02%
ur 34 0.53%wo 16 0.25%gi 7 0.11%gl 3 0.05%xa 1 0.02%
[SPACE]o 33 0.52%ra 16 0.25%ds 7 0.11%yi 3 0.05%u' 1 0.02%
it 33 0.52%pr 16 0.25%ex 7 0.11%cc 3 0.05%kf 1 0.02%
l[SPACE] 33 0.52%tr 16 0.25%cl 7 0.11%rw 3 0.05%xe 1 0.02%
ti 33 0.52%wi 15 0.24%ey 6 0.09%du 3 0.05%c[SPACE] 1 0.02%
ce 33 0.52%wh 15 0.24%uc 6 0.09%e' 3 0.05%cq 1 0.02%
[SPACE]r 33 0.52%ry 15 0.24%ab 6 0.09%ud 3 0.05%[SPACE]' 1 0.02%
h[SPACE] 32 0.50%mo 15 0.24%kn 6 0.09%xp 3 0.05%'e 1 0.02%
ll 32 0.50%bo 15 0.24%wn 6 0.09%ci 3 0.05%o' 1 0.02%
ee 32 0.50%ev 15 0.24%af 6 0.09%um 3 0.05%'c 1 0.02%
si 32 0.50%ht 15 0.24%ov 6 0.09%sc 3 0.05%dv 1 0.02%
[SPACE]e 32 0.50%fi 15 0.24%lf 6 0.09%ks 3 0.05%lu 1 0.02%
de 31 0.49%fa 15 0.24%da 6 0.09%tc 3 0.05%nx 1 0.02%
et 31 0.49%nc 15 0.24%'t 6 0.09%my 2 0.03%xi 1 0.02%
[SPACE]g 30 0.47%rd 15 0.24%ts 6 0.09%mr 2 0.03%fl 1 0.02%
lo 30 0.47%tt 14 0.22%ys 6 0.09%mu 2 0.03%nf 1 0.02%
co 29 0.46%su 14 0.22%eg 6 0.09%ju 2 0.03%eb 1 0.02%
pe 29 0.46%m[SPACE] 13 0.20%rl 6 0.09%hy 2 0.03%eq 1 0.02%
as 28 0.44%ic 13 0.20%nn 6 0.09%sk 2 0.03%df 1 0.02%
ow 28 0.44%ul 13 0.20%ru 6 0.09%yt 2 0.03%kl 1 0.02%
el 28 0.44%[SPACE]k 13 0.20%ue 6 0.09%vo 2 0.03%o- 1 0.02%
ri 28 0.44%ol 13 0.20%lk 6 0.09%rk 2 0.03%-m 1 0.02%
[SPACE]n 27 0.42%ug 13 0.20%dr 6 0.09%'l 2 0.03%a' 1 0.02%
be 27 0.42%pl 13 0.20%rm 6 0.09%t' 2 0.03%'a 1 0.02%
ro 27 0.42%op 13 0.20%ob 6 0.09%lv 2 0.03%ox 1 0.02%
ly 27 0.42%bl 13 0.20%oc 6 0.09%dl 2 0.03%
un 25 0.39%o[SPACE] 12 0.19%of 5 0.08%bj 2 0.03%

z is never followed by 26 characters: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

q is never followed by 25 characters: abcdefghijklmnopqrstvwxyz

j is never followed by 23 characters: abcdfghijklmnpqrstvwxyz

v is never followed by 21 characters: bcdfghjklmnpqrstuvwxz

k is never followed by 20 characters: abcdghjkmopqrtuvwxyz

x is never followed by 20 characters: bdfghjklmnoqrsuvwxyz

y is never followed by 20 characters: acdfghjklmnpqruvwxyz

f is never followed by 17 characters: bcdghjkmnpqsvwxyz

h is never followed by 17 characters: bcdfghjklmnpqvwxz

w is never followed by 17 characters: bcdfgjkmpqtuvwxyz

g is never followed by 16 characters: bcdfgjkmnpqvwxyz

b is never followed by 15 characters: bcdfghkmnpqvwxz

p is never followed by 15 characters: bcdfghjkmnqvwxz

m is never followed by 14 characters: cdghjklnqtvwxz

c is never followed by 13 characters: bdfgjmnpsvwxz

t is never followed by 13 characters: bdfgjkmnpqvxz

d is never followed by 12 characters: bchjkmpqtwxz

u is never followed by 12 characters: fhjkoquvwxyz

l is never followed by 9 characters: bcghjnqxz

n is never followed by 9 characters: bhjmpqrwz

s is never followed by 9 characters: dgjnqrvxz

i is never followed by 8 characters: hijquwyz

a is never followed by 7 characters: aejoqxz

r is never followed by 5 characters: bjqxz

e is never followed by 3 characters: juz

o is never followed by 3 characters: jqz

:: UP ::Layout Warnings

No warnings have been generated by any layout. This indicates all layouts contain all characters present in the text.

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